Lesson 1.6

Understanding How Your Eyes Work:
Cones and Rods

When scanning the sky or flying in low-light conditions, knowing how your eyes process light can help you fly more safely. This lesson covers the two types of visual receptors—cones and rods—and how they affect your ability to see detail, color, motion, and your surroundings during daylight and night operations.

Defining
Cones and Rods

Cones: Your Eyes’ Detail and Color Sensors

Cones are the cells in your eyes responsible for detecting color and fine detail.

They function best in bright, well-lit conditions and are essential for tasks that require sharp focus—like reading your drone’s control panel or spotting color-coded indicators.

In low light, cones become less effective, which can lead to reduced clarity and blind spots, making it harder to see crucial visual cues during flight operations.

Rods: Your Eyes’ Night Vision and Motion Sensors

Rods are the cells in your eyes that are highly sensitive to light and are essential for seeing in low-light conditions.

They don’t detect color, but they excel at picking up movement and supporting peripheral vision, which is especially useful when flying at dawn, dusk, or in shaded environments.

Rods can become overstimulated by bright light and may need time to adjust after exposure—something to keep in mind when moving between lighting conditions during a mission.

Memory Trick: Picture a long metal rod stretching out to your sides—helping you track motion in your periphery, even when it’s dark.

Negative Influences
on Eye Sight

Smoking Cigarettes: Decreases Visual Sensitivity

Smoking cigarettes reduces your night vision by limiting how much oxygen your eyes receive, increasing the risk of hypoxia and weakening peripheral and low-light vision—even small amounts can cut night vision by up to 20%.

Skipping Meals: Decreases Attention Span

Skipping meals or eating late can cause low blood sugar, leading to cramps, reduced focus, and difficulty concentrating during flight operations.

Flash Cards

Colors and Fine Details

Cones or Rods?

Cones

Best in Bright Light

Cones or Rods?

Cones

Peripheral Vision and Movement

Cones or Rods?

Rods

Best in Low Light

Cones or Rods?

Rods

Seeing in Darkness

Cones or Rods?

Rods

Practice Quiz

Vision: Cones and Rods

1 / 4

What is a limitation of rods in the human eye?

2 / 4

Why might drone pilots need to understand how cones work?

3 / 4

In what type of lighting do rods perform best?

4 / 4

What do cones in the human eye help us see best?

Your score is

The average score is 97%

0%